純氧頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼法
這種方法是1952年以后發(fā)展起來(lái)的新技術(shù)，它是目前世界上采用較多也是較先進(jìn)的一種方法。純氧頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：
1、生產(chǎn)速度快 由于用純氧吹煉，就會(huì)高速降碳，快速提溫，大大縮短冶煉時(shí)間。一座300t轉(zhuǎn)爐吹煉時(shí)間不到20min，包括輔助工作時(shí)間在內(nèi)，一共不超過(guò)1h。
2、品種多、質(zhì)量好純氧頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐既能煉普通鋼，也能煉普通低碳鋼。如首都鋼廠(chǎng)采用這種方法成功地試煉了一百多種鋼材。由于用純氧吹煉，鋼中氮、氫等有害氣體含量較低。
3、基建投資和生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用低 純氧頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐的基建投資相當(dāng)于同樣生產(chǎn)量的平爐車(chē)間的60～70％，生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用也低于平爐。
目前純氧頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐隨著氧槍的多孔噴頭的研制成功，大大提高了單位時(shí)間內(nèi)的供氧量，并由于操作技術(shù)上的革新（例如，用電子計(jì)算技術(shù)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)、控制冶煉過(guò)程），不論轉(zhuǎn)爐容量的大小，吹煉時(shí)間基本上相差不多，即使300t轉(zhuǎn)爐，凈吹氧時(shí)時(shí)也可縮短到12min左右。在一定限度內(nèi)，爐容量越大，經(jīng)濟(jì)效果越好，因此頂吹轉(zhuǎn)爐迅速走向大型化。現(xiàn)在世界上最大的轉(zhuǎn)爐為350t，并且正在研究建造400～450t轉(zhuǎn)爐。
Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOF, Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren, LD-converter) is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. The LD-converter is named after the Austrian placenames Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben). The vast majority of steel manufactured in the world is produced using the basic oxygen furnace. Modern furnaces will take a charge of iron of up to 350 tons and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes. The LD converter is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen.
Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel.
The process is known as basic due to the pH of the refractories - calcium oxide and magnesium oxide - that line the vessel to withstand the high temperature of molten metal.
Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS, BOF, Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren, LD-converter) is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten pig iron is made into steel. The LD-converter is named after the Austrian placenames Linz and Donawitz (a district of Leoben). The vast majority of steel manufactured in the world is produced using the basic oxygen furnace. Modern furnaces will take a charge of iron of up to 350 tons and convert it into steel in less than 40 minutes. The LD converter is a refined version of the Bessemer converter where blowing of air is replaced with blowing oxygen.
Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into low-carbon steel.
The process is known as basic due to the pH of the refractories - calcium oxide and magnesium oxide - that line the vessel to withstand the high temperature of molten metal.
History
The first basic oxygen steelmaking process was the LD process developed in 1952 by voestalpine AG in Linz, Austria.[2] Some major steelmaking companies in the US did not convert to this process for some years, with the last Bessemer converter still operating commercially until 1968. The LD process replaced both the previously common Siemens-Martin process, also known as the open-hearth process, and the Bessemer process. European companies replaced open hearth furnaces with BOF rapidly after WWII, but US companies were reluctant to give up the old and tried open hearths. The first company in the U.S. to use this type of furnace was McLouth Steel in Trenton, Michigan.
The first BOF in North America was installed at Dofasco in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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